TFTPLILO V1.1.2 =============== TFTPLILO is a Linux kernel loader for booting diskless m68k/Linux machines over a network. Currently TFTPLILO supports the BVM BVME4000/6000 and Motorola MVME SBCs. TFTPLILO relies on the network services of the target computer's boot ROMs in order to transfer the required kernel and configuration data. Theory of operation ------------------- The target computer's boot ROMs must first be configured to transfer and execute the TFTPLILO (tftplilo.bvme or tftplilo.mvme) executable at boot time. TFTPLILO will then transfer its configuration text file using the services for the boot ROMs. The configuration file contains details such as which kernel to load, the kernel startup command line etc. A single configuration file can specify any number of boot configurations for any number of machines. TFTPLILO examines the configuration file and extracts the configurations relating to the target machine. If configured to do so TFTPLILO will then present the user with a list of available configurations and allow them to select one along with any extra kernel command line parameters that may be required. Once the configuration is selected TFTPLILO will proceed to load and execute the corresponding Linux kernel and optional initrd ramdisk, again using the services of the targets boot ROMs. Configuration file ------------------ The configuration file is an ASCII text file, which defines the boot configuration for each machine. The default configuration file name, "tftplilo.conf", is compiled into TFTPLILO but may be overridden by configuring the boot ROMs (see machine specific details below). Each line of the configuration file may be terminated with either a CR or LF or both in either order, what ever suits the environment in which it is edited, (DOS, Linux, Macintosh etc.). The file itself is divided into 3 types of section: 1. One or more machine specific sections each of which defines the configuration for a single or group of machines selected by the IP address of the target machine. Each of these sections begins with a line containing the word 'crate' in square brackets, i.e. [crate], extending to the start of the next section or to the end of the file. 2. Zero or more boot specific sections each defining a kernel image and configuration that can be selected at boot time. Boot sections begin with a line containing the word 'boot' in square brackets, i.e. [boot], extending to the start of the next section or the end of the file. 3. A single global section which defines the default values for the other sections. The global section extends from the first line of the configuration file until the first [boot] or [crate] section. Blank lines and lines beginning with a '#' are ignored and may be used to improve readability and add comments. A line may be continued onto the next line by placing a backslash at the end. The parameters in each section are specified using the syntax: option = value Where 'option' is the name of the configuration parameter and 'value' is what it is set to. Each configuration parameter must begin on a new line. The value of each option can be one of 4 possible types: Numeric values are used to specify timeouts, delays and memory sizes. By default they are interpreted as decimal but they can be specified in binary, octal and hexadecimal by prefixing them with 0b, 0 and 0x respectively. Additionally by suffixing the number with a 'K' or an 'M' they are multiplied by 1024 or 1024*1024 respectively. Boolean values are used to turn an option on or off and are specified as either "Yes", "No", "True", "False" or a number that is either zero (false) or non-zero (true). For boolean configuration parameters the equals symbol and value are optional, if omitted the value is taken to be true. A pathlist string that is used to transfer the file from the remote TFTP server. An arbitrary sequence of characters that are used to specify labels and command line parameters. The following is a list of the possible global options. All of these options provide default values for similarly named options in each of the [crate] sections. Any option not specified in the global section takes on a default compiled in value. Valid global options are: Option name Compiled in default Value ----------- ------------------------- debug No timeout No timeout (infinite) delay 3 seconds prompt No display Use [display] section if defined restricted No calldbg or callmonitor No memsize Auto detect kernel or image No default (must be specified) ramdisk None console "ttyS0" root None read-only None read-write None cmdline None append None The following is a list of possible [crate] options where appropriate default option values are taken from either the compiled in defaults or similarly named options in the global section. debug ip timeout delay prompt display restricted calldbg or callmonitor memsize kernel or image ramdisk console root read-only read-write cmdline append boot default Valid [boot] section options are as follows, default values are taken from either the applicable [crate] section or the global or compiled in defaults. label alias description debug restricted calldbg or callmonitor memsize kernel or image ramdisk console root read-only read-write cmdline append Option descriptions ------------------- Below is a full description of each of the available options. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ debug = bool Sections: global, crate, boot Enable TFTPLILO debug mode. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ timeout = secs Sections: global, crate Sets a timeout in seconds for keyboard input. If no key is pressed for the specified time, the default image is automatically booted. A timeout of zero disables the timeout feature. The default timeout is disabled. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ delay = secs Sections: global, crate Specifies the number of seconds the TFTPLILO should wait before booting the default configuration. Pressing a key on the keyboard will interrupt the delay and cause TFTPLILO to prompt for a configuration to boot. TFTPLILO doesn't wait or check for keyboard input if 'delay' is set to zero. The default delay is 3 seconds. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ prompt = bool Sections: global, crate Forces entering the boot prompt without delaying or expecting any prior key presses. Unattended reboots are impossible if 'prompt' is set and 'timeout' isn't. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ display = string Sections: global, crate This option specifies a suffix string that is appended to the string "display-" the resulting string is the name of a configuration file section that contains a message that is displayed by TFTPLILO when it starts. If the 'display' option is not used or is used but does not define a suffix string, the default display section '[display]' is used. If the resulting section name cannot be found in the configuration file it is silently ignored. The section containing the actual message extends to the start of the next section or to the end of the configuration file. Lines in the message section containing nothing but white space are ignored. Newlines must be given explicitly with the "\n" escape sequence. See the 'Display and description strings' section later in this document. For example: [crate] display = crate1 [display-crate1] "\n" "\n" " Insert your favorite greeting here\n" " ----------------------------------\n" "\n" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ console = string Sections: global, crate, boot Specifies the console device name and options, to be used for 2.1 and later kernels. It is ignored when booting a 2.0 kernel. The resulting kernel command line option is inserted before those specified by the 'cmdline' option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ root = string Sections: global, crate, boot Specifies the device that should be mounted as root. The root device name string can be prefixed with /dev/ to indicate a device name or can be specified as a hexadecimal number indicating the devices major/minor numbers. The resulting kernel command line option is inserted before those specified by the 'cmdline' option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ read-only = bool Sections: global, crate, boot If true specifies that the root device should be mounted read only. Equivalent to specifying 'read-write = false'. The resulting kernel command line option is inserted before those specified by the 'cmdline' option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ read-write = bool Sections: global, crate, boot If true specifies that the root device should be mounted read write. Equivalent to specifying 'read-only = false'. The resulting kernel command line option is inserted before those specified by the 'cmdline' option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ cmdline = string Sections: global, crate, boot Specifies the kernel command line. Command line parameters specified at the Boot: prompt are placed on the kernels command line after the values specified here. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ append = string Sections: global, crate, boot Specifies extra kernel command line parameters that are appended after the values specified by 'cmdline' and at the Boot: prompt. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ restricted = bool Sections: global, crate, boot If true specifies that any kernel command line parameters entered at the boot prompt should be ignored. This provides a safe way for an operator to select between multiple boot configurations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ kernel = filename Sections: global, crate, boot Specifies the path to a version 2.0 or later Linux kernel image on the remote TFTP server. The image should be ELF format and may be compressed with 'gzip' if required. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ image = filename Sections: global, crate, boot Another name for the 'kernel' option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ramdisk = filename Sections: global, crate, boot Specifies the path to an initrd ramdisk image that is to be loaded at boot time from the remote TFTP server. If the filename is specified as "none", without the quotes, then any previously specified default value is ignored and no ramdisk load will be attempted. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ memsize = number Sections: global, crate, boot Specifies the amount of system RAM in bytes that the Kernel can use. If not specified the boot loader will auto detect the amount of available memory. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ callmonitor = bool Sections: global, crate, boot If specified as true causes the TFTPLILO to call the resident ROM debug monitor immediately prior to executing the loaded kernel. Warning: Do NOT use this option if your boot ROMs are configured to use the bottom 64K of memory for local storage. The Linux kernel is loaded over this memory region and will probably cause the boot ROM code to crash when it is called. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ calldbg = bool Sections: global, crate, boot Another name for the 'callmonitor' option. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ label = name Sections: boot Specifies the name by which TFTPLILO identifies the boot configuration. A label option must be specified for each boot section. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ alias = name Sections: boot An alternative name by which TFTPLILO can identify the boot section. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ description = text Sections: boot Specifies text that will be placed next to the boot records label when listing the available boot records. See the 'Display and description strings' section later in this document. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ boot = boot-section-label Sections: crate Specifies the label or alias of a boot configuration to use for this machine. This option can be specified any number of times to select all the required boot configurations. The order in which multiple 'boot' options are specified dictates the order in which they are presented at the Boot: prompt. If no valid boot options are specified TFTPLILO will first try to build a single default boot configuration from the default values specified in the [crate] and global sections. If no configuration can be made this way TFTPLILO will scan the whole of the configuration file and use ALL the boot configurations that are available. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ default = boot-section-label Sections: crate This option specifies an additional boot configuration that will be the default boot configuration to use for this machine. If not specified the first 'boot' option will become the default. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ip = IP address Sections: crate This option specifies an IP address or range of IP addresses that TFTPLILO uses to select a crate section for the booting target machine. If TFTPLILO cannot find a [crate] section that matches the target machines IP address it will first try to find a [crate] section that has an 'ip' option with the string value of "any". If that fails it will scan for a [crate] section without an 'ip' option. The 'ip' option can be used any number of times to specify a number of matching addresses. IP addresses should be specified using the conventional decimal dotted quad notation. Giving a hyphenated range for any of the decimal components of the IP address specifies ranges of IP addresses. For example: 192.168.1.2-5 = 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4 and 192.168.1.5 192.168.1-2.1 = 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.2.1 192.168.1-2.1-2 = 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.2.1 and 192.168.2.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ IP address substitution ----------------------- To aid configuration, the kernel command line ('cmdline' and 'append' options and Boot: prompt input) and the configuration file name (configured in the boot ROMs) are subject to IP address substitution. This allows you to place 'printf' style sequences into to these strings which TFTPLILO substitutes for various IP addresses obtained from the boot ROMs. %% = % %C = machines IP address. %S = TFTP servers IP address. %M = subnet mask. %G = gateway address. %B = broadcast address (MVME only) Lower case equivalents of these sequences substitute an empty string if the address is "0.0.0.0" (unconfigured). Display and description strings ------------------------------- Display and description strings are normally subject to leading and trailing white space removal, to prevent this enclose the description strings and each line of the display section in double quotes. Also note that any non-printable or control characters will be replaced with a single space. To embed control characters into the message the following escape sequences may be used: \n = newline \r = carriage return \t = tab \b = backspace \e = escape (ASCII 27) \\ = a single backslash \ooo = any character specified by up to 3 octal digits. Boot prompt ----------- When TFTPLILO enters interactive mode it first displays a list of available configurations. This list can be redisplayed by entering "help" or by pressing the key. At the Boot: prompt enter the required configuration name or alias followed by any extra kernel command line parameters required. The extra kernel command line parameters are subject to IP address substitution as described above. Entering nothing at the boot prompt or allowing it to timeout (see the 'timeout' configuration option) will cause the default boot configuration to be selected. Architecture conditional configuration -------------------------------------- A space delimited list of machine architecture names can be placed after the closing square bracket of a [crate], [boot], [display] or [display-xxx] section marker. This causes the section to be ignored unless TFTPLILO is running on one of the named architectures. The recognised architecture names are: BVME4000 BVME6000 MVME162 MVME166 MVME167 MVME172 and MVME177 If an architecture name is specified that is not in the above list no error will be reported but a match will never be made. Example: [crate] boot = linux . . . [boot] BVME4000 BVME6000 label = linux kernel = linuxbvme . . . [boot] MVME166 MVME167 label = linux kernel = linuxmvme . . . Note: Provided the [boot] sections are conditionalised, as in the above example, so that the sections label and alias are unique after the conditions are applied, it is acceptable to have more than one [boot] section with the same 'label' or 'alias' name. Machine configuration --------------------- BVME4000/6000 ------------- In order to use TFTPLILO the BVM SBC must be fitted with BVMBug Revision G or later boot ROMs. Front panel DIP switch usage: Switch Left position Right position Function ------ ------------- -------------- -------------------------------- SW1 disable enable VMEbus system controller functions SW2 0x00000000 0xE9000000 BVMBug workspace address (64Kb) SW3 disable enable Map VMEbus into low 256Mb SW4 enable disable Autoboot New to BVMBug revision G is the ability to choose which area of RAM to use for it's local workspace. Previous revisions always used the onboard SRAM at address E9000000. With revision G, the front panel DIP switch 2 is used to select between address E9000000 (SRAM) when switched to the right and address 00000000 (DRAM) when switched to the left. If TFTPLILO is configured to call BVMBug just before calling the Linux kernel (calldbg = Yes) then the DIP switch should be set to use the SRAM at address E9000000 because the linux kernel will have been moved to the bottom area of memory overwriting what would have been BVMBug's workspace. Flip the lower front panel DIP switch 4 to the right to cause the BVMBug prompt to be displayed at reset. Using the BVMBug 'rc' (reconfigure command) the machines network boot parameters can be configured. When done flip DIP switch 4 back to the left to cause BVMBug to auto boot. BVME4000/6000 Generic Bootstrap - Revision G Copyright (c) 1997-1998 BVM Ltd. tcr:0000 dttn:F00FA040 00000000 ittn:00000000 00000000 vbr:E9000000 sfc:0 dfc:0 cacr:00000000 urp:00000000 srp:00000000 dn: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 an: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 E9000400 E900F800 pc: E800052C sr:2700 (--S--7-----)t:OFF usp:E900F000 ^ssp^ 0xE800052C >2C7C00000000 movea.l #0,a6 BVMBug: rc SYSTEM RECONFIGURATION VMEbus snooping is enabled, LANC snooping is enabled VME A16 slave address window is disabled VME A24 slave address window is disabled VME A32 slave address window is disabled IP IRQ's: A0=1 A1=1 B0=1 B1=1 C0=1 C1=1 D0=1 D1=1 E0=1 E1=1 F0=1 F1=1 IPA is slow/async, IPB is slow/async, IP exp is slow/async The boot ROM baud rate is 115200 The initiator SCSI ID is 7 The Ethernet Address is 00:80:FB:02:04:65 Internet address is determined using BOOTP Server address is determined using BOOTP Gateway address is determined using BOOTP Subnet mask is 128.0.0.0 Default net boot file load address is 0x00000000 Net boot file name is "bootfile" Boot argument string is "" The current boot order is : Disk on ID 2 Set default values? (y/n/q/f) : n Reconfigure the ethernet address? (y/n/q/f/b) : n Reconfigure the snoop control? (y/n/q/f/b) : n Reconfigure the slave addressing? (y/n/q/f/b) : n Reconfigure the IP IRQ levels? (y/n/q/f/b) : n Reconfigure the IP modes? (y/n/q/f/b) : n Reconfigure the baud rate? (y/n/q/f/b) : n Reconfigure the initiator SCSI ID? (y/n/q/f/b) : n Reconfigure net boot parameters? (y/n/q/f/b) : y Internet address is determined using BOOTP Server address is determined using BOOTP Gateway address is determined using BOOTP Subnet mask is 0.0.0.0 Default net boot file load address is 0x00000000 Net boot file name is "bootfile" Internet address : (n.n.n.n or 0 to use bootp) : 192.168.1.3 TFTP server address : (n.n.n.n or 0 to use bootp) : 0 Gateway address : (n.n.n.n or 0 to use bootp) : 0 Number of subnet mask bits (0-31) : 24 Enter default net boot file load address (hex) : 10000 Net boot file name ("NULL" for none) : tftplilo.bvme Reconfigure boot file arguments? (y/n/q/f/b) : y Boot argument string is "" Boot arguments ("NULL" for none) : tftplilo.conf Reconfigure the boot devices? (y/n/q/f/b) : y The current boot order is : Disk on ID 2 Available boot drivers: 1. BOOTP/TFTP 2. SCSI CD-ROM, Hard or Floppy Disk The order you specify these boot drivers determines the order in which they will be tried when the system is configured to boot automatically. Each driver is selected with a 1 or 2 digit code, the first digit represents the boot driver number as listed above, and the second the SCSI device ID where applicable Enter the numbers of the boot drivers in the order that you want them prioritised: 1 VMEbus snooping is enabled, LANC snooping is enabled VME A16 slave address window is disabled VME A24 slave address window is disabled VME A32 slave address window is disabled IP IRQ's: A0=1 A1=1 B0=1 B1=1 C0=1 C1=1 D0=1 D1=1 E0=1 E1=1 F0=1 F1=1 IPA is slow/async, IPB is slow/async, IP exp is slow/async The boot ROM baud rate is 115200 The initiator SCSI ID is 7 The Ethernet Address is 00:80:FB:02:04:65 Internet address is 192.168.1.3 Server address is determined using BOOTP Gateway address is not used Subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 Default net boot file load address is 0x00010000 Net boot file name is "tftplilo.bvme" Boot argument string is "tftplilo.conf" The current boot order is : BOOTP/TFTP Is this the configuration you want? (y/n/b/q) : y Notes: 1. TFTPLILO will always load at address 0x00010000 regardless of the "Default net boot file load address" configuration. 2. TFTPLILO uses the "Boot argument string" as its configuration file name. If not set it will use the compiled in default value. Boards earlier than revision F cannot configure this parameter (there is not enough non-volatile storage) and will always use the compiled in default. 3. Boards earlier than revision F cannot configure the net boot file name (not enough non-volatile storage) and have a hard coded name string of "bootfile". Space is reserved in the BVMBug prom image at address 0xE8000410 to patched an alternative name (up to 64 bytes including null terminator) if you have the facility to copy and reprogram the proms. If not the "tftplilo.bvme" file must be renamed to "bootfile" or BVMBug must be configured to use the BOOTP protocol in which case it will use the bootfile name returned from the BOOTP server. 4. BVMBug only use the BOOTP protocol if either the client or the server's IP address is set to zero, or on a revision F or later board the net bootfile name is not set. The gateway address is set from the BOOTP response only if both it and the server IP address are set to zero. The subnet mask is set from the BOOTP response only if it is non zero and the client IP address is zero. When transferring the data from the TFTP server the gateway address is used only if it is non-zero and the client and server addresses are on different subnets. MVME16x ------- To reconfigure the MVME network boot parameters use the 'niot' command. 167-Bug>niot Controller LUN =00? 0 Device LUN =00? 0 Node Control Memory Address =FFE10000? Client IP Address =0.0.0.0? 192.168.1.4 Server IP Address =0.0.0.0? 192.168.1.1 Subnet IP Address Mask =0.0.0.0? 255.255.255.0 Broadcast IP Address =0.0.0.0? 192.168.1.255 Gateway IP Address =0.0.0.0? Boot File Name ("NULL" for None) =? tftplilo.mvme Argument File Name ("NULL" for None) =? tftplilo.conf Boot File Load Address =00000000? 10000 Boot File Execution Address =00000000? 10000 Boot File Execution Delay =00000000? Boot File Length =00000000? Boot File Byte Offset =00000000? BOOTP/RARP Request Retry =00? TFTP/ARP Request Retry =00? Trace Character Buffer Address =00000000? BOOTP/RARP Request Control: Always/When-Needed (A/W)=W? w BOOTP/RARP Reply Update Control: Yes/No (Y/N) =Y? Update Non-Volatile RAM (Y/N)? y 167-Bug> Notes: 1. TFTPLILO will always load at the address specified by the "Boot File Load Address" configuration. This should always be set to 0x00010000 and the "Boot File Execution Address" should always match. 2. TFTPLILO uses the "Argument File Name" string as its configuration file name. If not set it will use the compiled in default value. ---- Nick Holgate [04/07/01]