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compile_to_c [options] Root-Class [Root-Procedure] [*.c] [*.o] [-l*]
compile_to_c is the SmallEiffel ANSI C code generator.
Usually this command is automatically called by se-compile
but you can use it separately to produce C code.
compile_to_c must have at least one argument to indicate
the starting execution point of the system.
Thus your program will start in Root-Procedure of Root-Class.
The default Root-Procedure is make.
compile_to_c produces all the required C files as well as a script file. The name of this script file changes with
the operating system used (*.make on Unix or *.BAT on DOS for
example).
Options to select Eiffel compilation modes |
There are 8 modes of compilation controlled by the following
options: -debug_check -all_check -loop_check -invariant_check
-ensure_check -require_check -no_check and -boost.
Only one mode can be selected for the whole system to compile.
Mode -all_check is the default.
-
-boost:
-
This is the compilation mode with the highest degree of optimization.
There is
no test for the target's existence and no system-level validity checking.
Some routines are inlined. No code is generated to get an execution
trace in case of failure. No assertions are checked.
-
-no_check:
-
In this compilation mode, no Eiffel assertion is checked.
The test for the target's existence is performed. Some code is generated
for the system-level validity checking, and to produce an execution
trace (an execution stack is managed).
There is no inlining and no assertion check.
-
-require_check:
-
In this compilation mode, Eiffel preconditions are checked.
The generated code is similar to that produced by -no_check,
but also includes code to test preconditions (require statements).
-
-ensure_check:
-
The generated code is similar to that produced by -require_check,
but also includes code to test postconditions (ensure statements).
-
-invariant_check:
-
The generated code is similar to that produced by -ensure_check,
but also includes code to test class invariants.
-
-loop_check:
-
The generated code is similar to that produced by -invariant_check,
but also includes code to test loop variants and loop invariants.
-
-all_check:
-
The default mode. The generated code is similar to that produced by
-loop_check, but also includes code for the check instruction.
-
-debug_check:
-
The generated code is similar to that produced by -all_check,
but also includes code for debug instructions.
All debugs are checked regardless of the optional string key.
-
-trace:
-
This option may be useful for debugging your program or for profiling.
When selected, this option allows the user either to generate
a "trace.se" file at execution time, or to enter the interactive
debugger.
-
When the user chooses to generate a trace
file, a (usually huge) file "trace.se" is created in the
launching directory which shows the code the program is executing:
which line, which column, and in which Eiffel source file. Because all
classes are traced, "trace.se" is a huge file even for a small program.
GENERAL has a feature, trace_switch, which allows you to turn trace generation
on or off dynamically. At run time, when the argument of trace_switch is
true, trace printing is switched on (conversely, false is used to switch
off trace printing). When option -trace is not selected, calls to
trace_switch are ignored by
compile_to_c (no C code is produced). The -trace option
is not available with mode -boost.
Using -trace at the same time as -boost has the
same effect as using -trace with -no_check. Bear
in mind also that very simple
instructions (like, for example, "i := i + 1;") may not be traced.
-
When he chooses the interactive debugger, the user enters a gdb-like
interface. Please note that currently only the embryo of a debugger is
implemented. It is only possible to display the execution stack
and step into the code.
The command ? displays a short help message for the debugger.
[See the contrib directory for some scripts to enable gdb to be used
to step through Eiffel source code.]
-
-cc c_compiler:
-
Call c_compiler instead of the default C compiler.
See the READ_ME file of directory sys for information
on how to set the
default C compiler as well as the default linker.
-
-no_gc:
-
No Garbage Collector.
When this option is selected, no GC is produced
and (at least) one actual malloc is performed for each object created.
This option is useful when you wish to use another GC provided
by an external library (such as the Boehm-Demers-Weiser
conservative GC), or when no GC is needed.
If -no_gc is not used, SmallEiffel computes a customised GC for
each system.
It is important to remember that some architecture-dependant code may be
required for the proper operation of the GC (see the
file /usr/lib/smalleiffel/sys/gc for details).
-
-no_split:
-
Produce only one C file for the whole Eiffel system.
This may enable the C compiler to inline more functions calls. This option
is useful only to finalise an application (the incremental C
compiling mode is switched off with -no_split).
-
-no_strip:
-
Do not remove symbol information from the generated executable file.
This option is useful only when finalizing an application
-
-o output_name:
-
Name the executable file output_name.
This has the same meaning as the -o option of many C compilers.
-
-cecil cecil_file:
-
Allow some Eiffel features to be called
from C (see the
cecil
file for details). To call C functions/macros
from Eiffel see
external
.
-
-no_main:
-
Avoid generation of the C main function: thus, the root procedure is not
started. This is useful when you wish to start execution from outside
before calling Eiffel routines via the cecil interface.
Before calling the first Eiffel routine you have to call once a predefined
C function in order to initialize internal runtime information for the
Eiffel world (see the example
in the directory /usr/lib/smalleiffel/lib_show/cecil/example7 for details).
-
-verbose:
-
Print system information during the compilation (full path of
loaded files, type inference score, removed files, etc.).
-
-no_warning:
-
Suppress output for all warning messages (error messages
are still printed).
-
-case_insensitive:
-
Switch case insensitive mode on.
For example,
when this mode is selected, the Eiffel parser considers that the
following identifiers are equivalent : item, ITEM, ItEm, ...
Options passed to the C compiler |
Any remaining options, *.c files, *.o files, library -l* are passed
to the C compiler/linker.
4. The SmallEiffel environment variable
The environment variable SmallEiffel is used to locate the
SmallEiffel directory on the disks. In the Debian release, this defaults
to /usr/lib/smalleiffel.
This variable also indicates which system is used.
When the value of SmallEiffel
contains a slash character ('/'), the compiler assumes it is a
UNIX-like system.
Copyright © Dominique COLNET and Suzanne COLLIN -
<colnet@loria.fr>
Last update: Thursday November 5th, 1998
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se-compile
compile_to_jvm
Last updated for the Debian SmallEiffel package by Oliver Elphick on 30th December 1998.